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Greys Court: A Grade I listed historical...

31 March 2025

Greys Court: A Grade I listed historical gem in Oxfordshire

By Jim Sales Account Executive

A large historical mansion with a circular gravel driveway, surrounded by a manicured lawn and dense trees under a cloudy sky.

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Nestled in the picturesque Chiltern Hills near Henley-on-Thames, Greys Court is a Tudor country house with a rich tapestry of history and architectural beauty. This Grade I listed building has been home to several notable families and now belongs to the National Trust.

Cozy room with wooden paneling, ornate fireplace, floral wallpaper, portrait, lamp, and armchair with a cushion.

A journey through time

Greys Court’s history dates back to the Domesday Book of 1086, when it was held by the Norman knight Anchetil de Greye. Over the centuries, the estate has seen numerous transformations, reflecting the styles and tastes of its various owners.

John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Rotherfield, significantly expanded the estate in the 14th century, adding a castle around 1347. The estate passed through the hands of the Crown and was granted to Robert Knollys in 1514. The Knollys family retained ownership until 1642, during which time the current house and associated buildings were constructed.

In 1686, Sir William Paul acquired Greys Court, and it later passed to Sir William Stapleton, 4th Baronet, in 1724. The estate saw further changes under the Stapletons, who introduced Georgian architectural elements. Between 1935 and 1937, Evelyn Fleming, mother of the famous author Ian Fleming, briefly owned the house.

The last private owners, Sir Felix Brunner and his wife Lady Brunner, purchased Greys Court in 1937. They lovingly restored both the house and gardens, preserving its historical charm. In 1969, the Brunners donated the property to the National Trust, ensuring its preservation for future generations.

Architectural marvels

Greys Court is a delightful blend of medieval, Tudor, Georgian, Victorian, and 20th-century influences. The main house, built during the Tudor period, incorporates parts of a 1450s timber-framed building. The Stapletons later converted the house in the fashionable Georgian style, adding romantic medieval ruins and Victorian alterations.

Inside, visitors can admire the Edwardian and Georgian decor, including outstanding 18th-century plasterwork interiors. One of the most notable features is the Georgian ceiling in the dining room, which was a wedding gift to Lady Brunner from her husband, Sir Felix Brunner. This exquisite ceiling, with its intricate plasterwork and elegant design, symbolized Sir Felix’s total dedication and commitment to his wife. It adds a touch of grandeur to the room and reflects the couple’s love for the house and each other.

Ornate ceiling with intricate plasterwork featuring floral patterns and decorative scrolls in a neutral color.

Thatched-roof shelter with an open entrance, surrounded by trees and grass on an overcast day.

The enchanting walled gardens

The walled gardens at Greys Court are a true highlight, offering a series of charming, enclosed spaces each with its own unique character. These gardens were first established by Sir John de Grey in 1346 and have evolved over the centuries to include a variety of features and plantings.

Visitors can wander through the rose garden, which is filled with old-fashioned roses that bloom in a riot of colours and fragrances. The wisteria garden is particularly stunning in late spring, when the wisteria drapes the walls in cascades of purple flowers. There is also an ornamental vegetable garden, which showcases a mix of decorative and edible plants, and a maze laid to grass with brick paths, dedicated by Archbishop Robert Runcie in 1981.

The gardens also include an icehouse, a fascinating feature that dates back to the 19th century. This circular icehouse, restored by the National Trust in the 1990s, is unusual in having a thatched roof. It was used to store ice collected from ponds during the winter months, which was then used to preserve food throughout the year. The icehouse is located in the parkland to the north of the main house and adds to the historical charm of the estate.

The gardens also include a medieval tower, which provides historical context and adds to the enchanting atmosphere. The walled gardens are designed to offer a peaceful retreat, with plenty of benches and quiet corners where visitors can sit and enjoy the beauty of their surroundings.

A National Trust treasure

Today, Greys Court is owned by the National Trust, which works tirelessly to preserve and protect this historical gem. The estate is open to the public, allowing visitors to explore its beautiful gardens, medieval tower, and Tudor wheelhouse. The walled gardens, filled with old-fashioned roses and wisteria, provide a serene escape from the hustle and bustle of modern life.

The Brunner family decided to donate Greys Court to the National Trust in 1969 because their children wanted to travel and pursue their own paths in life rather than inherit the home. At that time, travel was relatively inexpensive, with tickets to Canada costing as little as £10. This decision ensured that the estate would be preserved and enjoyed by the public for generations to come.

Interestingly, the Brunner family continued to live in the house even after it was donated to the National Trust. The National Trust has maintained Greys Court exactly as it was left by the Brunner family, with no modern signs or display information to disrupt the authentic listed property. Visitors can experience the house as a lived-in family home, complete with its original furnishings and decor. The Brunner grandchildren are said to appreciate this approach, as when visiting it feels as though their grandparents have just gone for a walk.

Historic building with brick and stone facade, featuring arched windows and a round tower, surrounded by grass and a gravel path.

The importance of preservation

Preserving old and listed buildings like Greys Court is crucial for future generations. These structures are tangible links to our past, offering insights into the lives, cultures, and architectural styles of those who came before us. By maintaining and protecting these historical sites, we ensure that their stories and beauty are not lost to time.

What makes Greys Court Grade I listed?

Grade I listed buildings are of exceptional interest, often considered to be of national importance. Greys Court’s Grade I status is due to several factors:

Architectural interest: Greys Court showcases a significant blend of architectural styles, including medieval, Tudor, Georgian, Victorian, and 20th-century influences. The intricate plasterwork and elegant design of the Georgian ceiling in the dining room are prime examples of its architectural significance.
Historic interest: The estate illustrates important aspects of England’s social and cultural history, having been home to notable families and figures over the centuries. Its continuous evolution reflects the changing tastes and styles of different historical periods.
Close historical associations: Greys Court has close associations with nationally important people, such as Sir Francis Knollys, a confidante of Queen Elizabeth I, and the Brunner family, who played a significant role in its preservation.
Group value: The estate forms part of an important architectural and historic group, with its medieval tower, Tudor wheelhouse, and walled gardens contributing to its overall significance.

Greys Court’s rich history, architectural beauty, and tranquil setting make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike. Whether you’re strolling through the gardens or exploring the house’s fascinating interiors, Greys Court offers a unique journey through time.

To learn more about Greys Court and plan your visit, check out the National Trust website.

At Abode, we understand the importance of preserving historic homes like Greys Court. To learn more about how we can help protect your listed home, visit our listed building insurance page.

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